Durga Puja: The Most Important Hindu Celebration in West Bengal
Discover the vibrant history & traditions of Durga Puja, a cultural masterpiece in West Bengal. Explore its significance & festivities!
Roxana Acosta Sosa
Oct 12, 2023 10:46
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India is a country full of celebrations and stands out because each region or state has its own ways of celebrating certain religious festivals, that is the case of Durga Puja, a festival that begins with Mahalaya and in 2023, it will be from the 14th to the 24th. October.
This Hindu festival is celebrated throughout India but in Calcutta (Kolkata), in the state of West Bengal, it is celebrated differently compared to other cities and even has a different name. For example, in Kullu, Himachal Pradesh, this festival is called Kullu Dussehra or in Gujarat, it is called Navratri. The number of days of celebration, rituals, and even what is eaten varies greatly throughout India with the arrival of Durga, but generally, they are no more than 10 days.
Another difference of this festival, apart from the name, which may exist between different Indian States, is that while in Kolkata, apart from the goddess Durga, the deities of Saraswathi, Lakshmi, Ganesha, and Karthik are also worshiped, all at the same time and in other cities only Goddess Durga is worshiped alone.
But who is Durga and what does this festival mean for Bengalis? I'll tell you below!
Important Clarification
For those who don't know much about Hindu mythology and Hinduism, Durga is the name of a goddess. The Bengalis and more precisely, the citizens of Kolkata are devotees of this goddess who fervently await her arrival every year. On the other hand, you will surely wonder what “puja” means or you can also find it as “pooja” or “pujo”; This word refers to “ceremony” or “rituals.”
In this way, Puja means that it is ceremonial worship that ranges from brief daily rites at home to elaborate rituals. In its simplest form, puja usually involves making an offering of flowers or fruits, in this case, to the goddess Durga. However, as I told you at the beginning, each part of India performs these ceremonies or pujas in different ways.
I know that in the West, people tend to link the word “ritual”, “sect” or “cult” with the demonic, but please leave those associations aside when you read or hear about rituals of Hinduism that have nothing to do with the Devil. What's more, Hindu festivities are associated with beauty, light, strength, gratitude, and the destruction of evil and this is where the goddess Durga comes into the picture because this festival celebrates the Victory of good over evil.
The Birth of Devi Durga
Goddess Durga's divine existence came into being to confront the formidable demon Mahishasur, whose relentless tyranny had terrorized the heavens. A significant turn of events unfolded as Mahishasur had been granted a boon by Lord Brahma, rendering him impervious to defeat by any God or Man.
The plight of the gods oppressed by Mahishasur's brutality led them to implore Lord Brahma for salvation. In response, the divine creator of the world agreed to intervene. Thus, Devi Durga was manifested to engage in a decisive battle against the demon. She was endowed with supreme powers by Lord Brahma, Lord Vishnu, and Lord Shiva, equipping her to face this formidable adversary.
A fierce combat unfolded between Mahishasur and Goddess Durga, during which Mahishasur resorted to shape-shifting into a buffalo in a desperate attempt to gain the upper hand. The relentless battle endured for ten days, culminating in the eventual triumph of Goddess Durga. She vanquished Mahishasur by beheading the buffalo demon as he emerged from his transformative state.
Durga Puja commemorates this epic ten-day battle, and the concluding day is celebrated as Vijayadashmi, signifying the triumph of good over evil. The festival symbolizes the indomitable spirit of righteousness prevailing in the face of malevolence, and the valor of Goddess Durga remains an enduring inspiration.
The first recorded instance of Durga's worship can be found in the ancient Indian scriptures, particularly the Markandeya Purana.
The Goddess Durga and Her Role in Hindu Mythology
In the intricate tapestry of Hindu mythology, Goddess Durga stands as a symbol of strength, courage, and the divine feminine. Her multifaceted role transcends the boundaries of religion and resonates deeply within the hearts and minds of the faithful.
Symbol of Power and Valor
Durga is often depicted riding a lion or tiger, wielding an array of weapons in her multiple arms. This formidable imagery represents her as the embodiment of shakti, or divine feminine energy. She is the warrior goddess who fearlessly confronts and defeats evil forces.
The Battle with Mahishasura
One of the most celebrated myths involving Durga is her battle with Mahishasura. The conflict is a symbolic representation of the eternal struggle between good and evil. Durga's triumph over the demon signifies the victory of righteousness and the restoration of cosmic order. Such a fight, took 10 days, for that reason Durga Puja is celebrated for 10 days.
Protector of the Universe
Durga's role extends beyond her warrior persona. She is revered as the protector of the universe and a divine mother who nurtures and cares for her devotees. In this aspect, she is often depicted as Parvati, the consort of Lord Shiva, and as a loving, compassionate figure.
Navratri and Durga Puja
Durga's significance is highlighted during the festival of Navratri in the state of Gujarat, a nine-night celebration of her various manifestations. Navratri culminates in Durga Puja, a grand festival, especially celebrated in West Bengal, where the goddess is adored with elaborate rituals and festivities.
Universal Appeal
Durga's role in Hindu mythology is not confined to a particular region or sect. She is revered across India and among Hindus worldwide. Her story and symbolism transcend the confines of religion, resonating with anyone who values the qualities of strength, courage, and the indomitable spirit.
In Hindu mythology, Goddess Durga is a complex and multifaceted figure, embodying both the fierce and nurturing aspects of the divine feminine. Her role as a protector, warrior, and symbol of Shakti makes her a revered and cherished deity in the Hindu pantheon.
When is Durga Puja in 2023?
- Mahalaya: Saturday 14 October 2023
- Panchami: Thursday 19 October 2023
- Sashti: Friday 20 October 2023
- Saptami: Saturday 21 October 2023
- Ashtami: Sunday 22 October 2023
- Navami: Monday 23 October 2023
- Vijaya Dashami: Tuesday 24 October 2023
The most important days in the festival are known as Mahalaya, Shashthi, Saptami, Ashtami, Navami, and Vijayadashami. In 2023, the important days in the Durga Puja festival will fall on the above days.
According to Hindu mythology, Durga Puja signifies the homecoming of Goddess Durga and her children. The journey begins with Mahalaya, symbolizing her return. The actual puja commences on "Sashthi," the sixth day, with a grand welcome for the Goddess. On this day, the idol of Durga is unveiled before the public, while several rituals unfold, accompanied by the rhythmic beats of the dhak, a traditional drum that holds cultural and puja significance in Bengali tradition.
The seventh day, "Saptami," begins with a unique ritual: the immersion of a banana tree. After a ceremonial bath, the tree, known as "Kola Bou" in Bengali, is adorned in a red-bordered saree and placed to the right of Lord Ganesha, symbolizing a marital connection. However, interpretations vary, with some seeing "Kola Bou" as another embodiment of Durga, challenging the notion of her being Ganesha's bride.
An alternative view suggests that "Kola Bou" represents a sacred complex comprising nine types of plants. Eight plants are typically tied to the banyan tree trunk before the ritual, forming "Kola Bou," a representation of Durga in plant form.
"Ashtami," the eighth day, marks the triumph of Goddess Durga over Mahishasura. Devotees offer prayers through "Anjali" and partake in community feasts, relishing dishes like khichdi and other delicacies.
The ninth day, "Navami," follows the "Sandhi Puja" and features a concluding ritual known as "Aarti." It's a day of long queues, as people gather to participate in this auspicious ceremony.
The tenth day, "Dashami," concludes Durga Puja. The deities are immersed in the Ganges River. Before immersion, married women engage in "Sindoor Khela," where they apply vermilion to each other's faces. The day of immersion, or "Visarjan," is celebrated with grand processions, dancing, and cheers. Following immersion, a customary visit to relatives' homes to exchange greetings marks "Bijoya Dashami."
How Durga Puja is Celebrated in Kolkata?
I have had the experience of being part of this great celebration from 2015 to 2021 so I explored and felt the happiness of Durga Puja’s festival from the beginning to its end in each Bengali’s heart, especially, of my husband.
The celebration of Durga Puja is a grand and multifaceted affair, marked by unique customs and festivities. During this period, schools, colleges, and government offices are typically closed, allowing people to immerse themselves fully in the puja fervor. Shopping is a common prelude to the festival, with many shops offering discounts on clothing and various products immediately after Mahalaya.
As the celebration approaches, "Maha Ashtami," men often wear Kurta Pajamas, while women adorn themselves in elegant sarees. The festival's cultural significance is enriched through various events organized in different localities. Notably, puja organizers engage in friendly competition by crafting theme-based pandals that showcase intricate art and décor. Each pandal narrates a unique story through its design, attracting eager visitors who patiently wait in queues to experience the mesmerizing artwork and ambiance.
Throughout the festival, a multitude of food stalls pop up on every street corner, and restaurants prepare special Durga Puja dishes, further enhancing the culinary experience. The streets come alive with a vibrant display of decorative lights, enhancing the festive atmosphere. In anticipation of increased festivities, additional police personnel are deployed to manage traffic and ensure public safety.
Durga Puja holds a special place in the hearts of the Bengali community, serving as the most significant festival. Beyond the revelry, it fosters a sense of unity and strengthens familial bonds. The festival transcends religious boundaries, encapsulating the spirit of humanity and the celebration of togetherness.
Festive Traditions and Activities in Kolkata
Durga Puja, a time of great celebration, is accompanied by a multitude of exciting activities and traditions. Some of the prominent customs include:
1. Pandal Decorations
The heart of Durga Puja lies in the 'pandal,' a specially crafted temporary structure where the idol of Goddess Durga and her family is enshrined. These pandals are a focal point for rituals and prayers during the festival. The preparations for these pandals are elaborate and impressive, often replicating architectural marvels from around the world, showcasing innovative designs, and adding a touch of grandeur.
2. Street Food Extravaganza
In addition to the pandals, Durga Puja brings forth a delightful array of street food stalls. These stalls offer a diverse range of mouthwatering street foods, from the beloved puchkas (panipuri/golgappa) to savory eggrolls and samosas. It's a time for indulgence and savoring the vibrant flavors of the Bengali streets.
3. Shopping Galore
A cherished tradition in states like West Bengal is the daily donning of new attire. People adorn fresh, vibrant outfits throughout the festival, enhancing the festive spirit and adding to the overall splendor of the occasion.
Durga Puja is not just a religious celebration; it is a vibrant and lively cultural extravaganza that unites people in revelry, culinary delights, and an artistic display of creativity. These traditions enrich the essence of the festival, making it a truly unforgettable experience.
Durga Puja Recognized by the UNESCO
“Durga Puja is seen as the best instance of the public performance of religion and art, and as a thriving ground for collaborative artists and designers. During the event, the divides of class, religion, and ethnicities collapse as crowds of spectators walk around to admire the installations.”
– UNESCO
India is renowned for its rich and diverse traditions, and one of the most celebrated festivals, Durga Puja, has recently achieved global recognition by being designated a UNESCO World Heritage site. This prestigious acknowledgment brings a sense of pride, particularly to the Bengali community.
In 2021, Durga Puja was inscribed on the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity list, making it the first Asian festival to receive such an honor. The UNESCO recognition not only elevates the festival's status but is expected to attract international tourists eager to witness the grandeur of this cultural phenomenon in Bengal.
Following the UNESCO announcement, the UNESCO office in New Delhi shared the news on Twitter, stating, "Durga Puja in #Kolkata has just been inscribed on the #IntangibleHeritage list! Inscriptions to the Representative List are one of the several ways by which #UNESCO advocates the promotion and safeguarding of intangible cultural heritage."
Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi also expressed his delight by tweeting, "A matter of great pride and joy for every Indian! Durga Puja highlights the best of our traditions and ethos. And, Kolkata’s Durga Puja is an experience everyone must have."
The UNESCO recognition of Durga Puja marks a significant milestone in showcasing the festival's cultural significance and global appeal, firmly establishing it on the world stage.
Best Deals and Offers on Durga Puja Festival Items
Durga Puja, the grand celebration, is just around the corner, and you can make the most of it with these fantastic deals and offers on festival items. From traditional clothing to decorations and delicious treats, below, you will find great products to complete your online purchase for your Durga Puja preparations:
Home Decor
Enhance your home's festive ambiance with deals on decorative items. Check out local markets or e-commerce platforms for offers.
eCraftIndia Goddess Durga Metal Wall Hanging (22.5 cm x 6.25 cm x 27.5 cm, Brown)
Elevate your home decor with the eCraftIndia Goddess Durga Metal Wall Hanging. Crafted with intricate artistry, this exquisite piece captures the divine presence of Goddess Durga in a stunning brown metal finish. Measuring 22.5 cm x 6.25 cm x 27.5 cm, it is an elegant addition to any living space, prayer room, or office.
The Goddess Durga Wall Hanging not only adds a touch of spirituality but also showcases remarkable craftsmanship. Its meticulous detailing and rich brown hue create a harmonious blend of tradition and contemporary aesthetics. This beautiful wall hanging serves as a symbol of strength and protection, making it an ideal gift or a valuable addition to your own collection.
ITOS365 Brass Maa Durga Idol, Standard, Gold, 1 Piece
Elevate your spiritual decor with the ITOS365 Brass Maa Durga Idol. This meticulously crafted brass idol depicts the revered Goddess Durga in a stunning gold finish. Standing at 7.6L x 3.8W x 11H Centimeters, it exudes timeless elegance and divine aura.
The intricate detailing and exquisite craftsmanship make this idol a symbol of strength, protection, and devotion. Whether as a centerpiece for your prayer room, home altar or as a gift, this Maa Durga idol is a cherished piece of artistry that brings blessings and grace to your surroundings.
Bring the divine presence of Maa Durga into your life and elevate your spiritual ambiance with this beautifully crafted brass idol, an embodiment of tradition, faith, and artistry.
Books
Dive into the rich history and cultural significance of Durga Puja with special discounts on books related to Indian culture, mythology, and religious practices.
Durga Saptashati Book In Hindi By Geeta Press Gorakhpur
Discover the divine verses of the Durga Saptashati, eloquently presented in this Hindi book by Geeta Press Gorakhpur. Immerse yourself in the profound spirituality of Durga Saptashati, beautifully rendered in Hindi, and explore the timeless tales of the goddess's valor and triumph over evil. Whether for personal devotion or scholarly pursuit, this book serves as a spiritual guide, offering insights into the significance of Goddess Durga in Hindu mythology and tradition.
Unveil the spiritual wisdom and rich cultural heritage of Durga Saptashati through this thoughtfully compiled book, a cherished addition to your collection of sacred texts.
Nava Durga: The Nine Forms Of The Goddes
Embark on a captivating journey through the divine realms with "Nava Durga: The Nine Forms of the Goddess" by Nalini Ramachandran. This enlightening book delves deep into the mystical and spiritual significance of the nine powerful forms of Goddess Durga.
With a profound blend of mythology, culture, and spirituality, this book offers a unique exploration of the Goddess's various manifestations and the symbolism behind each. This is more than just a book; it's a spiritual guide that deepens your understanding of the divine feminine and her profound influence in Hindu mythology.
Children Story Books: Legends of Goddess Durga
Delve into the enchanting world of Goddess Durga with this beautifully illustrated children's book. Whether you're new to the tales of Durga or sharing them with young readers, this book is a perfect introduction to the divine narratives.
Explore the legends of Goddess Durga in a way that's both informative and visually appealing. This book is not just for children; it's a delightful read for anyone eager to discover the magic of Durga's stories in a charming, illustrated format, yes! Because even though I bought this book and I am an adult 
Jewellery
Complement your Durga Puja look with discounts on exquisite jewelry and accessories. Find offers on earrings, bangles, and necklaces.
Elevate your elegance and charm with the YouBella Pearl Studded Choker Necklace Set, specially designed for women who appreciate timeless beauty and grace. This exquisite jewelry set includes a stunning choker necklace and matching earrings, perfect for girls and women of all ages.
Adorned with lustrous pearls, this set exudes a sense of classic sophistication, making it an ideal choice for special occasions like Durga Puja. The choker style adds a touch of regal allure, framing your neck with a touch of luxury.
The necklace graces your neckline with a classic pearl design, while the matching earrings and bracelet complete your ensemble with finesse. This jewelry set seamlessly blends modern fashion with traditional charm, making it versatile and complementary to a wide range of outfits for this Durga Puja occasion.
Whether it's a gift for yourself or a loved one, the Shining Diva Fashion Stylish Combo 18k Gold Plated Pearl Jewelry Set is a symbol of grace and poise. Make a statement with this exquisite jewelry set, radiating confidence and timeless beauty in every piece.
Sarees Under ₹499
Discover discounts on traditional attire like sarees, dhotis, and kurta-pajamas. Many stores offer special rates on festive clothing during this time.
Elevate your ethnic elegance with the C J Enterprise Women's Pure Kanjivaram Silk Saree. This stunning piece, designed with intricate artistry, seamlessly combines the timeless beauty of Kanjivaram silk with the allure of Banarasi silk. It's a true masterpiece that encapsulates tradition and contemporary fashion.
The saree's rich design and meticulous craftsmanship are a testament to its regal heritage. The intricate patterns and luxurious fabric exude sophistication, making it perfect for Durga Puja celebration. The included blouse piece adds the finishing touch, allowing you to tailor your attire to perfection.
Yashika Women's Trendy Printed Georgette Sky Blue Color Saree with Blouse Material
The artistic prints and exquisite design of this georgette saree capture attention and create an air of sophistication. The accompanying blouse material offers the flexibility to tailor your ensemble to perfection, ensuring that you stand out in your own unique way.
Whether you're heading to a casual gathering or a special event like Durga Puja, the Yashika Trendy Printed Georgette Saree in sky blue is the epitome of grace and style. Embrace the beauty of this saree, and let your elegance shine through on any occasion.
In conclusion, Durga Puja stands as the crown jewel of Hindu celebrations in the vibrant state of West Bengal. The vivid imagery of the Goddess Durga, the mesmerizing pandals, the resonating beats of the dhak, and the mouthwatering flavors of festive cuisine create an atmosphere that is nothing short of magical.
As we reflect on Durga Puja, we are reminded of the power of cultural celebrations to bring people together, creating a tapestry of shared experiences and cherished memories. This festival, with its unique blend of art, spirituality, and inclusivity, continues to enchant and inspire, making it an indispensable part of West Bengal's cultural identity. Durga Puja truly stands as a testament to the enduring spirit of celebration and the eternal triumph of good over evil.
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